Like most things, someone has to be in charge of making sure the phone system, as we know it, works smoothly and without too many problems. Even small problems within the telecommunications system can cause huge issues. Much like the airlines, there has to be someone who keeps things running smoothly. Area codes are important parts of phone numbers, as your calls will not get anywhere without them. Someone has to oversee what is going on, and as the need for new numbers surges, they have to add new ones to the system.
There are a number of different hands in the pot when it comes to area codes. The rules and regulations lie with both the federal and state government. For one, the FCC decided the state governments can decide when and where new area codes are needed and implemented. The FCC has had control over telephone number regulation since 1996. They often get advice and information from the NANC (North American Numbering Council) which is a board of advisors which include those in the phone business, consumer groups, and state representatives.
Because there are so many that have a say in area code and other phone regulations, things can be as fair as possible to all. This also means that problems that come up, such as a shortage of numbers, can be fixed by input from all interested parties. Cell phones, pagers, faxes, and other types of devices mean that people who would have normally had just one number may now have three or four. Because of our current system, there can only be so many numbers within an area code, and these people are the ones that keep an eye out for strain or problems.
Though it seems we are fine with numbers now by way of adding new area codes, there are limits to that. There may come a time when a new digit must be added to relieve the strain, and these governing bodies will work together to decide what is best for the consumer and what keeps the system running smoothly. If big changes are needed, these are the folks that will oversee what needs to be done while trying to keep things going without a hitch.